mark wrote:
Quote:
13. Consequences of starvation include:
a. increased brain uptake of glucose
b. reduction of the respiratory quotient
c. elevated blood glucagon levels
d. increased urinary nitrogen output
e. development of metabolic alkalosis
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a F b T c T d F e F
Starvation is the complete abscence of dietary intake and if prolonged results in death. Initially glycogen stored in liver and muscle is broken down by glycogenlysis to maintain glucose supply to the tissues, particulary the brain. However supplies are exhausted after about 24hrs and glusode is then suppled almost entirely bt gluconeogenesis from amino acids (from muscle proteins), glycerol (from adipose tissue) and lacate (from red blood cells). This is stimulated by the changing hormonal melieu - reduced levels of insulin, increased glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines. This leads to the accumulation of acetyl co A and ketone body formaion; hence starvation is associated with ketosis. During prolonged starvation the body adapts to using ketones as a fuel source (including the brain) as a protein sparing mechanism. The total reserves of an average adult are sufficient to provide calorie requirements for approximately 60-90 days.
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