Andrew
From my understanding 2 moles of ATP are produced from a mole of glucose via the glycolytic pathway. This pathway occurs in the cytoplasm and doesn\'t need oxygen in order to occur. Therefore under aerobic or anaerobic conditions this process will occur.The glycolytic pathway will therefore always produce 2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose metabolism.
However under normal aerobic conditions the glycolytic pathway endproduct acetyl co enzyme A is able to enter the very efficient mitochondrial crebs (TCA) cycle. Here a further 36 moles of ATP are produced from the metabolites of the initial mole of glucose.
This krebs cycle process cannot occur under anaerobic conditions, therfore limiting the process to just the 2 moles of ATP that were produced during the preceeding glycolytic pathway.
Altrernative information on the subject can be found on the following web pages.
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html
regards
mark